std::find_first_of() 算法
- 自 C++20 起
- 自 C++17 起
- C++17 之前
// (1)
template< class InputIt, class ForwardIt >
constexpr InputIt find_first_of( InputIt first, InputIt last, ForwardIt s_first, ForwardIt s_last );
// (2)
template< class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2 >
constexpr ForwardIt1 find_end( ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last, ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last );
// (3)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2 >
ForwardIt1 find_first_of( ExecutionPolicy&& policy,
ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last,
ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last );
// (4)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2, class BinaryPredicate >
ForwardIt1 find_first_of( ExecutionPolicy&& policy,
ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt last,
ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last,
BinaryPredicate p );
// (1)
template< class InputIt, class ForwardIt >
InputIt find_first_of( InputIt first, InputIt last, ForwardIt s_first, ForwardIt s_last );
// (2)
template< class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2 >
ForwardIt1 find_end( ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last, ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last );
// (3)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2 >
ForwardIt1 find_first_of( ExecutionPolicy&& policy,
ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last,
ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last );
// (4)
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2, class BinaryPredicate >
ForwardIt1 find_first_of( ExecutionPolicy&& policy,
ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt last,
ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last,
BinaryPredicate p );
// (1)
template< class InputIt, class ForwardIt >
InputIt find_first_of( InputIt first, InputIt last, ForwardIt s_first, ForwardIt s_last );
// (2)
template< class ForwardIt1, class ForwardIt2 >
ForwardIt1 find_end( ForwardIt1 first, ForwardIt1 last, ForwardIt2 s_first, ForwardIt2 s_last );
在范围 [first
; last
) 中搜索范围 [s_first
; s_last
) 中的任意元素。
-
(1) 使用
operator==
比较元素。 -
(2) 使用给定二元谓词
p
比较元素。 -
(3 - 4) 与 (1 - 2) 相同,但根据
policy
执行。重载决议这些重载只有在
std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>>
(直到 C++20)std::is_execution_policy_v<std::remove_cvref_t<ExecutionPolicy>>
(自 C++20 起) 为true
时才参与重载决议。
参数
first last | 要检查的元素范围。 |
s_first s_last | 要搜索的元素范围。 |
policy | 要使用的执行策略。有关详细信息,请参阅执行策略。 |
p | 二元谓词,如果元素应被视为相等,则返回 函数的签名应与以下内容等效
|
类型要求
InputIt | LegacyInputIterator |
ForwardIt ForwardIt1 ForwardIt2 | LegacyForwardIterator |
BinaryPredicate | BinaryPredicate |
返回值
指向范围 [first
; last
) 中与范围 [s_first
; s_last
) 中的元素相等的第一个元素的迭代器。
如果 [s_first
; s_last
) 为空或未找到此类元素,则返回 last
。
复杂度
给定 S
为 std::distance(s_first, s_last)
,N
为 std::distance(first, last)
- (1, 3) - 最多 N * S 次比较。
- (2, 4) - 最多 N * S 次
p
应用。
异常
带有模板参数 ExecutionPolicy
的重载报告错误如下
- 如果作为算法一部分调用的函数在执行过程中抛出异常,并且
ExecutionPolicy
是标准策略之一,则调用std::terminate
。对于任何其他ExecutionPolicy
,行为是实现定义的. - 如果算法未能分配内存,则抛出
std::bad_alloc
。
可能的实现
find_first_of (1)
template<class InputIt, class ForwardIt>
InputIt find_first_of(InputIt first, InputIt last,
ForwardIt s_first, ForwardIt s_last)
{
for (; first != last; ++first)
for (ForwardIt it = s_first; it != s_last; ++it)
if (*first == *it)
return first;
return last;
}
find_first_of (2)
template<class InputIt, class ForwardIt, class BinaryPredicate>
InputIt find_first_of(InputIt first, InputIt last,
ForwardIt s_first, ForwardIt s_last,
BinaryPredicate p)
{
for (; first != last; ++first)
for (ForwardIt it = s_first; it != s_last; ++it)
if (p(*first, *it))
return first;
return last;
}
示例
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
auto print_sequence = [](auto const id, auto const& seq, int pos = -1)
{
std::cout << id << "{ ";
for (int i{}; auto const& e : seq)
{
const bool mark{i == pos};
std::cout << (i++ ? ", " : "");
std::cout << (mark ? "[ " : "") << e << (mark ? " ]" : "");
}
std::cout << " }\n";
};
int main()
{
const std::vector<int> v{0, 2, 3, 25, 5};
const auto t1 = {19, 10, 3, 4};
const auto t2 = {1, 6, 7, 9};
auto find_any_of = [](const auto& v, const auto& t)
{
const auto result = std::find_first_of(v.begin(), v.end(),
t.begin(), t.end());
if (result == v.end())
{
std::cout << "No elements of v are equal to any element of ";
print_sequence("t = ", t);
print_sequence("v = ", v);
}
else
{
const auto pos = std::distance(v.begin(), result);
std::cout << "Found a match (" << *result << ") at position " << pos;
print_sequence(", where t = ", t);
print_sequence("v = ", v, pos);
}
};
find_any_of(v, t1);
find_any_of(v, t2);
}
Found a match (3) at position 2, where t = { 19, 10, 3, 4 }
v = { 0, 2, [ 3 ], 25, 5 }
No elements of v are equal to any element of t = { 1, 6, 7, 9 }
v = { 0, 2, 3, 25, 5 }